Crisis+&+Absolutism+in+Europe

**Crisis & Absolutism in Europe** Abbie Breidenbach, Emalee Lewis Kaicy Copley & Devon Blackwelder    





In many of the European nations, the Protestants and Catholics fought over political and religious control, in the sixteenth century. The French kings persecuted Protestants, but the persecution did little to stop the spread of Protestantism. Elizabeth Tudor took throne is 1558 with a population of less than 4 million in England. The intelligent person she is quickly solved the difficult religious problem. A new Act of Supremacy names Elizabeth I as "the only supreme governor" of both church and state. In 1603 Queen Elizabeth died. The thirty years war began in 1618 in the lands of the holy Roman empire. At the beginning it was between Catholic forces(led by Hapsburg Holy Roman Emperors) and Protestants(who rebelled against Hapsburg authority). Later on, the struggle became political as Denmark, Sweden, France and Spain entered the war. The Civil was in England began in 1642. This battle was between the supporters of the king(Cavaliers or Royalists) and the parliamentary forces(Roundheads). Louis XIV came to throme in 1643. He was known as the "Sun God". He built the palace of Versaille, which held three purposes. first it was the personal household of the King. Second the chief officers were located their so Louis could watch over them. Lastly Versaille was the place where powerful subjects came to find favors and offices for themselves. Louis XIV is the best example of the practice of absolutism in the seventeenth century. French culture, language, and manners reached into all levels of European society.

"What a family is without a steward, a ship

 without a pilot, a flock without a shepherd, a

body without a head, the same, I think, is a kingdom

without the health and safety of a good monarch"  

Queen Elizabeth I

10 Key People

Queen Elizabeth I - She was the queen of England, and took throne in 1558. Elizabeth inspired and greatly helped England become a better country. King Philip II - King of Spain, extended from 1556 to1598. He was the greatest supporter of militant Catholicism. Also Philip II helped achieve Spanish greatness both politically and culturally. Henry IV - Political leader of the Huguenots, and a member of the Bourbon dynasty, crowned King in 1594. Henry issued the Edict of Nantes to solve religious problems. James I - Queen Elizabeth's cousin, he believed in the divine right of kings that kings only receive their power from God and are responsible only to God. James II - became king of England in 1658. Very open and devout Catholic, naming Catholics to high positions. Charles II - He resolved many of England problems. He was also the King of England during the restoration. Louis XIV - He showed the best example of the practice of absolutism. Louis built the palace of Versailles and was known as the "Sun God". Ivan IV - He became the first ruler to have the title czar, the Russian word for Caesar also he expanded territories into Russia Peter the Great - became czar in 1689. Peter was an absolutist monarch who claimed the divine right to rule. William Shakespeare - The most famous dramatists. Best known for writing plays, he was also an actor and shareholder in the chief theater company of the time.

10 Key Terms Militant- highly combative. Calvinism and Catholicism were aggressive in trying to win converts and in eliminating each other's authority by 1560. Edict of Nantes- the king issued this is 1598 to solve the religious problem. It recognized Catholicism as the official religion of France. Armada-a fleet of warships. Philip ordered preparations for this to invade England in 1588. The fleed had neither ships or the man power that Philip wanted. Inflation- rising prices. This was a major economic problem from 1560 to 1650 in Europe caused from the great influx of gold and silver from the Americas. Witchcraft- magic, this had been part of traditional village culture for centuries. The religious zeal that led to the inquisition and the hunt for heretics was extended to concern about witchcraft. Divine right of Kings- James I of England believed that kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God. Parliament did not think much of this. Absolutism- this is a system in which a ruler holds total power. It was thought that rulers received their power from God and were responsible to no one except God. Mannerism- a new movement that stopped the artistic Renaissance, it emerged in Italy in the 1520s and 1530s. Baroqe- This new movement eventually replaced mannerism, it began in Italy in the late 16th century and spread to the rest of Europe and even Latin America. Natural Rights- included rights to life, liberty and property. In this state of nature, humans lived in a state of equality and freedom rather than a state of war.

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.media type="custom" key="12313418" 10 websites Queen Elizabeth I of England- This site explains her life, when she was born, when she took throne, when she dies and buried. It also mentions the many troubles Elizabeth had her whole life. Palace of Versailles-This site mentions who built the palace of versailles, and when i was built. It also includes pictures of the palace itself. Louis XIV biography-This website says when he was born and his life. It mentions his good and bad parts throughout life. And what he did as a King to help his society. Thirty Years War-This site explains what brought about the war, and the different periods between it. It also talks about the three wars that made it the Thirty Years war. Absolutism in Europe- This site breaks down Prussia, Russia, and Austria. It talks about absolutism and each of those German states. William Shakespeare-This site gives a well explained timeline of Shakespeare's life, when he was born, died, what he did and why. Peter the Great-This website explains what Peter I did as an emperor. It also talks about what his goals main were. When he was born and died. King James II-This site talks about what James II was involved with, and who he was. It includes important dates describing important events. King Charles I-This website explains his life, born, married, children, and died. It mentions when he took throne and the things he did for his society. King Philip II-This site talks about his family and becoming a king. It mentions when he was born and died and also the reason of his death.