India

India  Abbie Breidenbach, Kaicy Copley & Devon Blackwelder



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While the Congress was in the thick of battle, the Third Round Table Conference met in London in November 1932, once again without the leaders of the Congress. Its discussions eventually led to the passing of the Government of India Act of 1935. The Act provided for the establishment of an All India Federation and a new system of government for the provinces on the basis of provincial autonomy. The federation was to be based on union ofthe provinces of British India and the princely states. There was to be a bicameral federal legislature in which the states were given disproportionate weight age. Moreover, the representatives of the states were not to be elected by the people, but appointed directly by the rulers.Only 14 per cent of the total population in British India was given the right to vote. Even this legislature, in which the princes were once again to be used to check and counter the nationalist elements, was denied any real Power. Defense and foreign affairs remained outside its control, while the Governor-General retained special control over the other subjects. But the Governors were given special powers. They could veto legislative action and legislate on their own. Because of this they alaways had full control over the civil service and the police. The Act could not satisfy the nationalist aspiration for both political and economic power continued to be concentrated in the hands of the British government. Foreign rule was to continue as before; only a few popularly elected ministers were to be added to the structure of British administration in India. The Congress condemned the Act as "totally disappointing". The federal part of the Act was never introduced but the provincial part was soon put into operation. Bitterly opposed to the Act though the Congress was, it decided to contest the elections under the new Act of 1935, though with the declared aim of showing how unpopular the Act was. The election campaign of the Congress met with popular response, even though Gandhiji did not address a single election meeting. The elections, held in February 1937, conclusively demonstrated that a large majority of Indian people supported the Congress which swept the polls in most of the provinces. Congress ministries were formed in July 1937 in seven out of eleven provinces. Later, Congress formed coalition governments in two others. Only Bengal and Punjab had non-Congress ministries. Punjab was ruled by the Unionist Party and Bengal by a coalition of the Krishak Praja Party and the Muslim League.

10 Links 1. Pan-Africanism- stressed the need for the unity of all Africans. 2. Mahatma- "Great Soul" by WWI, the Indian people had already begun to refer Mohandas Gandhi as this. 3. Civil Disobedience- refusal to obey laws considered to be unjust. Gandhi protested British laws by using this method. 4. Zaibatsu- a large financial and industrial corporation. Manufacturing processes were concentrated within this single enterprise. 5. Stalemate- neither side was able to make significant gains. This was around by the 1960s. 6. Discrimination- prejudicial treatment. The Indian constitution forbade this based on gender and called for equal pay for equal work. 7. Mahatma- or "Great Soul" after WWI, Indians called Mohandus Gandi this. 8. Golden Temple- one of Sikhs important shrines. 9. Bangladesh- East Pakiston became this new nation. 10. Indian National Congress- was founded in 1885 to seek reforms in Britian's government of India.

10 Links W.E.B. Du Bois-This like talks about how he was born in 1869 and he died in 1963, and that he was a noted scholar. Marcus Garvey-This site mentions that he was born in Jamaica and was an orator for the Black Nationalism movement. Mohandas Gandhi-This website talks about how was also know as the Mahatma which meant "Great Soul." Golden Temple-This link tells us that this temple is surronded by a lake. The construction of the lake started in 1573. Jawaharlal Nehru- He was the political heir of Monahdas Gandhi. And he also was India's first prime minister. Ho Chi Minh-He was born in Vietnam in 1890. In 1945 he announced the formation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Pol Pot-He was the mass killing of intellectuals, professional people and city dwellers. Ferdinand Marcos-He started his career in politics with the murder of Julio Nalundasan. Mother Teresa of Calcutta-At the age of eighteen moved by her desire to become a missionary. Khmer Rouge-This was the name given to the native Cambodian Communists.

A man who was completely innocent, offered himself as a sacrifice for the good of others, including his enemies, and became the ransom of the world. It was a perfect act. Mohandas Gandhi BrainyQuote