Age+of+Imperialism

Age of Imperialism Abbie Breidenbach, Kaicy Copley, & Devon Blackwelder 1800-1914





















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In the early 1800s, European nations had been holding only areas along the coast of Africa. In the mid-18OO's Europeans had an interest in Africa. This was because of the need to create overseas empires, a movement called imperialism. European nations wanted to control lands that had raw materials they needed for their industrial economies. They also wanted to open up markets for the goods they made. A nation often felt that gaining colonies was a measure of its greatness. Racism was another reason. Europeans thought that they were better than Africans. Finally, Christian missionaries supported imperialism. They thought that European rule would end the slave trade and help them convert native peoples. The nations of Europe began to seize lands in Africa. Technology helped them succeed. Steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made them able to penetrate deep into Africa and still have contact with the home country Machine guns gave them a weapon of far greater power than any African peoples possessed.They were also helped by the lack of unity among African peoples. The events called the European "scramble for Africa" began in the 1880s. The discovery of gold and diamonds in Africa increased European interest in the continent. So that they would not fight over the land, European powers met in Berlin in 1884~85. They agreed that any nation could claim any part of Africa simply by telling the others and by showing that it had control of the area. They then moved quickly to grab land. By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia were independent of European control. The Europeans began to build plantations where they grew peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber. They also took important minerals. The Congo produced copper and tin. South Africa had gold and diamonds. In South Africa, three groups struggled over the land. In the early 1800s, the Zulu chief Shaka fought to win more land. Meanwhile, the British won control of the Dutch colony on the southern coast. Many thousands of Dutch settlers, called Boers, moved north to escape the British. They fought the Zulus, whose land they were entering. At the end of the century, Boers fought a vicious war with the British. The Boers lost, and they joined the British-run Union of South Africa.

**__Imperialism timeline__** Jan 1 1850, European trade with Africa Jan 30, 1857, East India company collapses Jan 30, 1869, Suez Canal links the Mediterranean and Red Seas 31 Dec 1884, Berlin Conference convenes to discuss terms for African colonization 30 Jan 1893, Queen Liliuokalani takes the throne of Hawaii 31 Jan 1896, Ethiopians defeat the invading Italians at the battle of Adwa 31 Jan 1898, Spanish-American War breaks out; Puerto Rico, Spain, and the Philippines taken from Spain 31 Jan 1899, Boer War in South Africa 31 Jan 1914, Most of Africa is under European Control

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10 Key Terms 1.Protectorate- A political unit that depends on another government for it protection. In 1884 France made the Vietnamese Empire a French protectorate. 2. Direct Rule- The local elites were removed from power and replaced with a new set of officials brought from the mother country. 3. Sepoys- they British East India Company hired these Indian soldiers, to protect the company's interests in the region. 4. Viceroy- a governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch. The British government ruled India directly throught a British official know as a viceroy. 5. Peninsulares- spanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to their mother countries. 6. Monroe Doctrine-James Monroe guaranteed the independence of the new Latin American nations and warned against any European intervention in the Americas. 7. Extraterritoriality- In the five ports, Europeans lived in their own sections and were subject not to Chinese laws but to their own laws. 8.Spheres of Influence-areas where the imperial pwers had exclysive trading rights, European states began to create this. 9. Commodities-marketable products. Examples of this were oil, copper, salt, tea, and porcelain had appeared. 10. Indemnity-a payment for damages. The chinese government was forced to pay this to the powers that had crushed the uprising.

"As heaven has unified [the earth] under one sky, it will harmonize the various teachings of the world and bring them back to the same source." -Wang Tao on the need for reform in China, 1800s. My Source- World History Book 

10 Links King Mongkut-This website tells us a nickname of his which is Rama IV and he ruled Siam (present day Thailand) from 1851 to 1868. Muhammad Ali-This site tells us that Muhammad Ali was called the "father of modern Egypt. He had strong leadership abilities, and because of that he was able to gain control of Egypt. David Livingstone=This site talks about how he became a doctor and a missionary, but devoted a lot of time to exploring Africa. He was one of the first Europeans to explore the central and Southern parts of Africs.  Queen Victoria-This website tells you Queen Victoria was born May 24th, 1819. It also tells us about many ups and downs that she went through. One of them being the death of her dad when she was only 8 months old.  Indian National Congress-This site talks about what it did for their country, and also the world. It also mentions some events leading up to it. John Kay-This website tells us a little back round information on John Kay. Also, it talks about what he did as he grew up. General Yuan Shigai-This site mentions how he was one of the most significant Chinese political figures in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Matthew Perry-This website talks about some of the things he did, such as starting a naval career as a midshipman at only age fifteen. Millard Fillmore-He was the 13th president of the United States. This site tells us a little bit about him, when he born and died and a little about where he came from. Mutsuhito-This website lets us know that 1852-1912 were the years of his life. It also tell us that he reigned for 45 years.

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