Scientific+Revolution+and+Enlightenment

Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Abbie Breidenbach, Devon Blackwelder, & Kaicy Copley



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Sir Isaac Newton's work was the best of the Scientific Revolution, he improved mathematics, astronomy, and physics to derive a comprehensive understanding of the physical world. Johannes Kepler made his laws of planetary motion in 1618. Galileo determined the laws of gravity and explored the laws of motion on earth. Newton first made the laws of motion and linked them with Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Before Newton, no one had demonstrated conclusively that the movements of heavenly bodies were related to terrestrial physics. Galileo had suggested this, but was censored by the Church before he was able to do further work to prove his theories.The first step in Newton's work was to solidify the laws of motion that Galieo had studied.. The first law states that a body at rest tends to stay at rest; a body in motion tends to stay in motion unless compelled to change by an applied force. The second law states that the change in motion is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the straight line by which that force is applied. The final law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Armed with these solidified theories of dynamics, Newton proved that the force that acted on planets and moons was the same force that caused a stone to fall to the ground: gravity. He first demonstrated this by calculating that if one extended the same gravitational force that acted on objects on the surface of the Earth to the distance of the moon, it predicted nearly exactly the same orbit that was observed.In 1687, Newton set forth his findings in the most respected scientific work of all time, // Philosphia Naturalis Principia Mathematica, //better known as the// Principia. // This work established a model of the structure and functions of the universe based on universal gravitation which remains in use today, confirmed generation after generation by observation and calculation. The scientific community immediately recognized Newton's findings as revolutionary and proven with such clarity and logic as to be nearly indisputable by rational argument. Gradually, his mechanical analysis of the heavens became widely known, and accepted as the basis for all future astronomy.

"The most curious man who ever lived." Leonardo da Vinci  Note Packet

10 Key Terms  1. Geocentric- this places the Earth at the center of the universe. 2. Ptolemaic System- the universe is a series of concentric spheres that were insied the other. 3. Heliocentric- Sun-centered. Copernicus believed this conception of the universe offered a more accurate explanation than did the Ptolemaic system. 4. Universal Law of Gravitation- explains why the planetary bodies do not fo off in straight lines but elliptical orbits around the sun. 5. Rationalism- this system of thought is based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge. 6. Scientific Method- a systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence. 7. Inductive Reasoning- Scientists should proceed from the particular to the gneral by making systematic observations and carefully organized experiments. 8. Philosophe- The intellectuals of the enlightenment were known by this French name meaning "philosopher". 9. Separation of powers- the executive, legislative, and judicial power of the government limit and control each other in a system of checks and balances. 10. Deism- an eighteenth-century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law.

10 links Heliocentric Theory-This site tells us that Copernicus thought the Earth was a planet, it also has a picture of this model. Nicholaus Copernicus-This website talks about how he lived from the years of 1473 -1543. He was also a polish astronomer and mathematician. Leaning Tower of Pisa-This link metions that the construction of this building started in August of 1173. And lasted for about 200 years. Galen-This site talks about how he wasa physician to 5 Roman emperors, and was a leading scientist of his day. Robert Boyle-This link tells us that he was born in Ireland and that he was born into a Protestant family. Joseph Priestley-This site mentions that he was an English Unitarian minister and chemist. Gabriel Fahrenheit-This website tell us that he ws the first one to a reliable thermomemter and it is named after himself. Francis Bacon-This link tell us about when he lived, which was 1561 to 1626. John Locke-This site mentions that he was an Oxford Scholar. Denis Diderot-This website talks about how he was rememberd as the general editor of the encycolpedia.