World+War+I

 World War I 1914-1919 Abbie Breidenbach, Kaicy Copley & Devon Blackwelder 

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World War I took place between 1914 and 1918. Although the conflict began in Europe, it ultimately involved countries as far away as the United States and Japan. At the time, the English-speaking world knew it as the “Great War”. Historians still actively disagree over the causes of the war. The period leading up to the war was a complex tangle of diplomacy and political maneuvering—many countries debated over strategies and alliances until nearly the last minute—and the first few weeks of the conflict were similarly chaotic and confusing. However, historians agree nearly unanimously about the war’s consequences: World War I led almost directly to World War II and set the stage for many other important events in the twentieth century. Political tensions ran high in early twentieth-century Europe. Abroad, Europe’s great powers were increasingly coming to impasses over the acquisition of new colonies. As the unclaimed lands of the earth ran short, the race to claim them became fiercely competitive. At the same time, the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire, which had existed for hundreds of years, was slowly decaying. Greece, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and other southern European nations that had been under Ottoman rule became independent, changing the balance of power in Europe. The many ethnic groups of Austria-Hungary, inspired by these new southern European nations, began to agitate for their own independence. Furthermore, Serbia wanted back the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina, lost to Austria in a previous war. The aftermath of World War I also marked the practical end of monarchy on the continent and of European colonialism throughout the rest of the world. Most European nations began to rely increasingly upon parliamentary systems of government, and socialism gained increasing popularity. The brutality of the conflict and the enormous loss of human life inspired a renewed determination among nations to rely upon diplomacy to resolve conflicts in the future. This resolve directly inspired the birth of the League of Nations.

 "Till the world comes to an end the ultimate decision will rest with the sword." -Emperor William II of Germany My source was the World History Book

10 Key Terms 1. Conscription- a military draft, had been established as a regular practice in most Western countries before 1914. (United States and Britain were exceptions.) 2. Mobilization- this is the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for was. In 1914, mobilization was considered an act of war. 3. Propaganda- ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause. This had worked in stirring up national hatreds before the war. 4. Trench Warfare- fighting from ditches protected by barbed wire, as in World War I. 5. War of Attrition- a war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses. 6. Total war- as World War I dragged on, it became a total war involving a complete mobilization of resources and people. 7. Planned Economies- systems directed by government agencies. European nations set this up. 8. Armistice- a truce or an agreement to end the fighting. On November 11, 1918, the new German government signed this. 9. Reparations- German payments to cover the costs of the war, and a separate Rhineland as a buffer state between France and Germany. 10. Mandates- a nation governed by another nation on behalf of the League of Nations.

10 Links Archduke Francis Ferdinand-This website tells us a little bit about his childhood, and growing up. Also some key events that happened in his life. Czar Nicholas II-This site talks about what he did as he grew old. He achieved many great things, including becoming command of the army in 1914. General Alfred von Schlieffen-This site mentions where he was born and that he was the son of a Prussian army officer. He also entered the army in 1854 at the age of 20. Admiral Holtzendorff-This website talks about how he lived from 1853 to 1919. And did many great things in his lifetime, one being serving as commander of the High Seas Fleet from 1909 until 1913. Woodrow Wilson-This site tells us about when he was born and where. Also, it tells us where he attended college and what he did with his life afterwards. Erich von Ludendorff-This website talks about where and was born and when. It also tells us where he was educated at and he was placed two years ahead of his age group. Friedrich Ebert-This site mentions how he worked as a saddler and eventually converted to socialism. Later on he joined the Social Democratic Party. David Lloyd George-This website tells us that his father died when he was only one years old. But was a very intelligent boy at school. Georges Clemenceau-This site talks about him going to New York for college to study medical. He returned home in 1869 and established himself as a doctor. Gavrilo Prinicp-This website mentions that his assassin was the spark that set off World War I.

KEY PEOPLE OF WWI

The chancellor of Germany during the final months of the war. The first lord of the British admiralty. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The king of **Greece** for much of the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">A British admiral in command of the Fourth Squadron. Cradock is known primarily for his catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Coronel on November <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">1, 1914 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">, in which he lost his life. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The archduke of Austria, nephew of Emperor **Franz Joseph**, and heir to the Habsburg throne. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The emperor of Austria-Hungary until his death in late <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">1916 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">A German general credited with a major victory over Russia at the **Battle of Tannenberg** in August <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">1914 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">A German general who assisted Paul von Hindenburg in achieving victories at the **Battle of Tannenberg** and the **Battle of the Masurian Lakes**. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The Russian tsar who committed Russia to the defense of Serbia when Serbia was attacked by Austria. Nicholas II committed to this course only with hesitation and under great pressure from his military advisers. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The American general in command of all U.S. forces in Europe during the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">A teenage Serbian militant who assassinated Austrian Archduke **Franz Ferdinand** on June <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">28, 1914 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The German general in command of the Eighth Army at the opening of the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The Serbian chief of general staff, known primarily for leading a successful defense of Serbia during the beginning of the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The general in command of the Russian First Army. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The general in command of the Russian Second Army, which suffered a catastrophic defeat at the Battle of Tannenberg on August <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">29, 1914 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The admiral in command of the Mediterranean Squadron of the German navy. Souchon led the attack on Russia’s Black Sea ports in October <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">1914 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">, which brought the **Ottoman Empire** into the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The German admiral in command of the famous East Asia Squadron. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">An admiral and first secretary of the German navy. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">British general in command of the Sixth Indian Division. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The German kaiser (emperor) during the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The president of the United States for the entire period of the war. <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">The German foreign minister responsible for the <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 14px;">1917 <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;"> **Zimmermann telegram**, which attempted to coerce Mexico into attacking the United States in exchange for financial incentives and a military alliance between Mexico and Germany.
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Prince Max von Baden **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Winston Churchill **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Constantine I **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Sir Christopher Cradock **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Franz Ferdinand **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Franz Joseph I **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Paul von Hindenburg **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Erich Ludendorff **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Nicholas II **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">John J. Pershing **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Gavrilo Princip **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Maximilian von Prittwitz **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Radomir Putnik **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Paul von Rennenkampf **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Alexander Samsonov **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Wilhelm Souchon **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Maximilian von Spee **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Alfred von Tirpitz **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Sir Charles Townshend **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Wilhelm II **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Woodrow Wilson **
 * <span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12px;">Arthur Zimmermann **

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