Industrial+Revolution-Intellectual+Development

Abbie Breidenbach, Kaicy Copley, & Devon Blackwelder
 * Industrial Revolution **

















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10 Key People 1. Thomas Edison Thomas Edison and his workshop patented 1,093 inventions 2. Samual F. B. Morse Samuel Morse invented the telegraph which greatly increased the ability of information to move from one location to another. 3. Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham bell invented the telephone in 1876 4. Elias Howe/Isaac Singer Elias Hower and Isaac Singer both were involved in the invention of the sewing machine 5.Cyrus McCormick Invented the mechanical reaper which made the harvesting of grain more efficient and faster. 6. George Eastman He invented the Kodak camera 7. Charles Goodyear He invented vulcanized rubber 8. Nikola Tesla Invented many important items like fluorescent lighting and AC 9. George Westinghouse Held the patent to many important inventions 10. Dr. Richard Gatling Invented gun which was used in the civil war

Timeline 1712 – Thomas Newcomen patents the atmospheric steam engine

1764 – James Hargreaves invents the spinning jenny

1825 – William Sturgeon invented the electromagnet

1829 – American, W.A. Burt invents a typewriter

1837 – Samuel Morse invents the telegraph

1862 – Richard Gatling patents the machine gun; Alexander Parkes invents the first man-made plastic

1866 – Alfred Nobel invents dynamite; Englishmen Robert Whitehead invents a torpedo

1876 – Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone; Nicolaus August Otto invents the first practical four-stroke internal combustion engine; Melville Bissell patents the carpet sweeper

1895 – Lumiere Brothers invent a portable motion-picture camera, film processing unit and projector called the Cinematographe. Lumiere Brothers using their Cinematographe are the first to present a projected motion picture to an audience of more that one person

1942 – John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry built the first electronic digital computer

** 10 Key Terms ** ** Capital ** – A ready supply of money in Britain. It was used to invest in the new industrial machines and the factories needed to house them. **Feminism** – The movement for women’s rights, it started during the enlightenment, when some women advocated equality for women based on the doctrine of natural rights.
 * Puddling ** – The process developed by Henry Cort makes it possible to produce a better quality of iron in the 1780s.
 * Industrial Capitalism ** – an economic system based on industrial production. It also produced a new middle-class group called the industrial middle class.
 * Romanticism ** – A new intellectual movement at the end of the eighteenth century. It emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the enlightenment.
 * Dictatorship ** – A government in which a person or group has absolute power. Usually the proletariat would form this to organize the means of the production.
 * Revisionists ** – The other Marxists who rejected the revolutionary approach and argued that workers must continue to organize in mass political parties and even work with other parties to gain reforms.
 * Ministerial Responsibility ** – The idea that the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not the executive officer it is crucial for democracy.
 * Psychoanalysis ** – A therapist and patient could probe deeply into the patient’s memory. This method was devised by Freud.
 * Duma ** - A legislative assembly created by Nicholas II to grant civil liberties. By 1907, the czar already curtailed the power of the duma and again used the army and bureaucracy to rule Russia.

10 Links John Kay-This biography tells us when he was born and where he lived as a child. He invented the Flying Shuttle which increased the speed of bearing the yarn. James Hargreaves- He was born in 1720 near Blackburn. James never got any education and did not learn to read or write. In 1764, he invented the Spinning- Jenny, which held 8 spindles. Richard Arkwright- Born into a very poor family, and could not afford schooling. Richard was taught to read and write by his cousin. By the help of his team they produced a spinning-frame. It used 3 rollers to make the yarn a correct thickness. George Stephenson- George grew up with an interest in machines, but didn't get the chance to work with them until he was 14. By the time he was 18, he started attending classes to learn to read or write. In 1814 he constructed his locomotive, and called it the Blutcher. Wilbur and Orville Wright-These two men were the first to fly a manned plane. They made a propeller-driver plane and it stayed in the air for 12 seconds. They called it the Wright Flyer. Eli Whitney-Eli showed mechanical ability at a young age and earned his way to Yale University. He then invented a cotton gin, and received a U.S. patent in 1807. Factory Act - 1833-The government passed this to improve working conditions for the young children who worked in the factories. This act includes many rules that need to be followed. Mines Act- This act prohibited the employment of women and boys that were under the age of 10. Ten Hours Act-This act limited the work hours of women and young people ages 13 to 18 to only 10 hours of work during the week and 8 hours on Saturdays. Charles Darwin-Born on February 12, 1809 in England. Darwin became famous for his theories of evolution and natural selection. He believed all life on earth evolved over millions of years from only a few common ancestors.

 "Any one who believes that any great enterprise of an industrial character can be started without labor must have little experience of life." William Graham SumnerBrainy Quote

Factories were very important during the Industrial Revolution. In the beginning, factories created a new labor system, and it eventually grew larger. The machines were always producing at a steady rate causing the workers to work in shifts. The people that would work in the factories were used to working for a period of time and then having time off. The factory owners therefore had to create a discipline system which taught the employees to become used to working regular hours and doing the same work over and over. The workers were fined if late, and dismissed for misconduct, especially being drunk. The child workers were often beaten if they misbehaved. One early factory worker said his goal was “to make the men into machines that cannot err.” During the late 1800s the westerners worshipped progress. At the heart of this belief in progress was the stunning material growth produced by what is called the Second Industrial Revolution. Textiles, railroads, iron, and coal had given rise to the first Industrial Revolution. Steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum gave to the Second Industrial Revolution. The first major change in industry between 1870 and 1914 was the substitution of steel for iron. The new methods for steel made it a lot easier to build more efficient machine and engines also ships, railroads and some ships. Around 1860, France, Germany, Great Britain, and Belgium produced 125,000 tons of steel. And by the year of 1913, the total was an astounding 32 million tons.